Archive for January, 2008

Diabetes - Harold Percival Himsworth

Thursday, January 31st, 2008

Sir Harold Percival (Harry) Himsworth (19 May 1905 – 1 November 1993) was a British scientist, best known for his medical research on diabetes mellitus.

Contents


Early life

He was the son of Joseph Arnold Himsworth of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, and he was educated at Spring Grove School and Almondbury Grammar School.


Medical career

He studied medicine at the University of London and trained in University College Hospital (UCH). His early involvement in medical research (especially of diabetes and later of liver disease) would lead to an important 1936 paper in The Lancet, distinguishing the two main types of diabetes.

He was appointed Professor of Medicine at the University of London and the Secretary of the Medical Research Council (MRC) for the very long period of 1949-1968.

He was awarded a knighthood in the New Year honours of 1952 and, in 1953, would be appointed Honorary Physician to the Queen.

His archives are being held by the Wellcome Institute, London.


Sources

  • “Sir Harold Himsworth MD FRS (1905–1993)”, Diabetologia Journal, 26 February 2007 (long biography)
  • “Huddersfield & District History - Connections With Titled Classes In Modern Times”, Edward Law, 9 April 2002 (short biography)


References

  • Himsworth HP. Diabetes mellitus: its differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types. Lancet 1936;i:127-130.

Diabetes - Central obesity

Thursday, January 31st, 2008

Central obesity (or “apple-shaped” or “masculine” obesity) occurs when the main deposits of body fat are localised around the abdomen and the upper body. Central obesity is correlated with visceral fat.

Contents


Associations

Central obesity is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome, and it is associated with a statistically higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus type 2.

Central obesity can also be a feature of lipodystrophies, a group of diseases which is either inherited, or due to secondary causes (often protease inhibitors, a group of medications against AIDS). Central obesity is one of the primary symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome.

There is little scientific evidence that beer drinkers are more prone to abdominal obesity, despite it being known colloquially as beer belly, beer gut, or pot belly.


Diagnosis

Central obesity is diagnosed by measuring the waist-hip ratio. When this exceeds 1.0 in men or 0.9 in women, central obesity can be diagnosed.


Therapy

Weight loss is the main intervention against central obesity when this is considered disfiguring or when it puts one at a risk for the above mentioned diseases. Adjunctive therapies are the use of orlistat or sibutramine. In the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2, the physician might prefer to prescribe metformin and thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) as anti-diabetic drugs rather than sulfonylurea derivatives.


See also

  • Obesity
  • Ascites


References

Diabetes - Smith Hempstone

Thursday, January 31st, 2008

Smith Hempstone (February 1, 1929 – November 19, 2006) was a journalist and the United States ambassador to Kenya in 1989–93. He was a vocal proponent of democracy, fighting for free elections in Kenya in 1991.

Hempstone graduated from University of the South and served as a Marine in the Korean War. He worked as the Africa correspondent for The Chicago Daily News, wrote several books, and wrote a synidicated column carried by 90 newspapers. In 1982, he began working as editor of The Washington Times, becoming editor-in-chief from 1984 to 1985.

He was appointed ambassador to Kenya by George H. W. Bush in 1989, a time when the United States was beginning to push African countries toward democracy and human rights. Hempstone worked toward these goals by fighting for multi-party elections in Kenya in 1991, nine years after Kenyan president Daniel arap Moi had banned all parties except his own. The administration derided him, saying he failed to understand that strong, unified government was necessary to keep Kenya’s tribal groups from splitting the country. He aided dissidents and befriended opponents of the administration, causing the African press to describe his style as “bulldozer diplomacy”. The Kenyan government isolated him, and according to Hempstone in his book Rogue Ambassador: An African Memoir, attempted to kill him twice. Multi-party elections were ultimately held in 1992, and were won by Moi with 36% of the vote.

Hempstone died in 2006 in his home in Bethesda, Maryland, from complications with diabetes.


References


External link

  • Washington Post obituary

People - Populace

Thursday, January 31st, 2008

A populace is a group of people forming the total population of a certain place. It is taken from the Latin word populus, which means “people”, but also in the sense of a race, nationality, or locality. This can be compared with the Spanish word pueblo, which derives from the same Latin root.

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Diabetes - Tolbutamide

Thursday, January 31st, 2008

Tolbutamide is a first generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drug sold under the brand name Orinase. This drug may be used in the management of type II diabetes if diet alone is not effective. Tolbutamide stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Since the pancreas must synthesize insulin in order for this drug to work, it is not effective in the management of type I diabetes. It is not routinely used due to a higher incidence of adverse effects compared to newer second generation sulfonylureas, such as glyburide.

Diabetes - Blood-sampling device

Thursday, January 31st, 2008

A blood-sampling device, also known as a Lancing Device, is a small instrument for pricking the skin with a quick-action fine needle, or lancet, to obtain a sample of blood recovering for testing. It is most commonly used
by diabetics during blood glucose monitoring.

The depth of skin penetration can be adjusted for various skin thicknesses.


References

Diabetes - Bill Holden

Wednesday, January 30th, 2008
For the American Actor, see William Holden.

Bill Holden (born 1948 in Elgin, Illinois), is a teacher who embarked on a 2,100 miles walk, from Arizona to Chicago, during 2005, hoping to raise $250,000 dollars to be donated to the American Diabetes Association so that a cure for juvenile diabetes can be found. Holden made national headlines with his walk.

Contents


Biography

Bill Holden grew up at the beginning of the television era in the United States. His father was a die-hard baseball fan. In 1957, Holden had his first in-person baseball experience, going to a Chicago Cubs home game. Holden became a lifetime Cubs fan instantly.

Ron Santo became Holden’s favorite player.

Holden followed the Cubs the rest of his life after having seen them play in person for the first time. He chose to become a teacher instead of a baseball player, however, and, in 1966, he enrolled at Southern Illinois University, graduating with a degree in pedagogy in 1970.

Holden got his first job as a teacher in 1973. He has been working as a teacher since. He became interested in teaching Native American children, so, after many years teaching in the Illinois public schools system, he relocated to Camp Verde, Arizona. At Camp Verde, he became aware of the alarming incidence of diabetes among Indian children. He started teaching groups of children that suffered from the disease.

On new year’s eve 2004, his son presented him with the docu-film This Old Cub, based on Santo’s experience as a diabetic player in MLB. After watching the film seven times before going to bed that morning, Holden became inspired and convinced that he needed to do something to help find a cure for diabetes.


The walk

On January 11, 2005, Holden began his walk, hoping to cover at least 12 miles each day. Holden crossed six states, including New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and Missouri, apart from Arizona and Illinois. Among the things he had to battle along the way were wearyness and the summer heat. According to his own account, Holden had a brush with death when he was about to get run over by a car, but the drivers recognized him and waved.

Holden had told Santo about the fund raising walk before it took place, gaining Santo’s admiration.

On June 29, Holden arrived at Harry Caray’s restaurant in Rosemont. He overnighted there, as he had previously done in several odd places and small hotels.

After arriving at the famous Cubs baseball stadium, the Wrigley Field on July 1, Holden, who was joined by Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich during the final steps of his walk, threw that day’s symbolic first pitch to Kerry Wood, as the Cubs played the Washington Nationals. During the game’s seventh inning stretch, he and Santo sang the Take me Out to the Ballgame baseball hymn.

Bill Holden has arthritis in both of his knees. His fund-raising walk made headlines in newspapers across his home country, including The Arizona Republic and many others.

Ron Santo told reporters that When he mentioned the fact that he was going to walk from Arizona to Wrigley Field to raise money for diabetes, I couldn’t believe it! Then, when I heard he was 20 miles away, I’m saying ‘get in the car and drive it. You’ve made it!’ But he said, ‘Nope, I’m going to walk’. I mean, think about that. It’s Amazing!


See also


External links

  • thisoldcub.com

Diabetes - Don Cornell

Wednesday, January 30th, 2008

Don Cornell (April 21, 1919 – February 23, 2004) was a popular singer of the 1940s and 1950s.

Born in New York City, Cornell got his start with trumpeter Red Nichols and bandleader Sammy Kaye before going solo. He sold over 50 million records. Among his hits were “It Isn’t Fair,” “I’m Yours,” “I’ll Walk Alone,” and “Hold My Hand.” In 1993, he was inducted into the Big Band Hall of Fame.

Cornell died in Aventura, Florida from emphysema and diabetes at the age of 84.


External links

  • The Powerhouse: Don Cornell, article on The Interlude Era site.
  • Don Cornell at the IMDB
  • Photo

Not entirely congruent: Juvenile - JDM

Wednesday, January 30th, 2008

JDM is an abbreviation or initialism that may refer to:

  • Java Data Mining
  • Jave Device Manager Nortel Device Manager
  • Juvenile dermatomyositis
  • Japanese Domestic Market

Occur - Augmented second

Wednesday, January 30th, 2008


Augmented second

An augmented second is enharmonically equivalent to a minor third in equal temperament, but is not the same interval in other meantone tunings. In any tuning close to 1/4 comma meantone it will be close to the 7:6 ratio of the septimal minor third. Hence the distinction is not, as often thought and even taught, a purely formal and contextual one, but reflects the tuning practice of much of the common practice period.

Augmented seconds occur in many scales, most importantly the harmonic minor and its various modes. They also occur in the various “gypsy minor” scales (which consist almost entirely of augmented and minor seconds). In harmonic minor scales, the augmented second occurs between the sixth and seventh scale degrees. For example, in the scale of A harmonic minor, the notes F and G# form the interval of an augmented second. This distinguishing feature of harmonic minor scales occurs as a consequence of the seventh scale degree having been chromatically raised in order to allow chords in a minor key to follow the same rules of cadence observed in major keys, where the V chord is “dominant” (that is, contains a major triad plus a minor seventh).